This website would have never been possible without many different sources, and especially the kind help of many friends. I will try to list all people and sources, in no particular order, who helped me to make this website as informative and historically correct as it is now.

Frode Weierud, Prof. Tom Perera, David Hamer, Ralph Erskine, David Kahn, Jerry Proc, Craig Bauer, Paul Reuvers, Marc Simoens, Arthur Bauer, George Mace, John Alexander, Tony Sale, Stefan Krah, Lech Maziakowski, Nicholas Gessler, Gudmundur Helgason, Bob Lord, Martin Oberzalek, Moshe Rubin, Morton Swimmer, Rene Stein, Felix Shih, Toby Anderson, George Lasry, Klaus Schmeh, Andy Carlson, David Ross, Klaus Kopacz, Rebecca Ann Ratcliff, Bill Neill, Nick England, Graeme.


Referring to this Website

If you want refer to this website or use some of the contents, please read the Copyrigth Notice.


Sources, Papers & books related to Enigma

The Center for Cryptologic History (CCH) - NSA

The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)

David H. Hamer, Geoff Sullivan and Frode Weierud, "Enigma Variations: an Extended Family of Machines," Cryptologia 1998

Louis Kruh and Cipher Deavours, "The Commercial Enigma: Beginnings of Machine Cryptography," Cryptologia, 2002

David P Mowry, "German Cipher Machines in Worl War II", Studies in Cryptology, NSA 2003

Commander Jerry C. Russell, US Navy, "Ultra and the campaign against the U-boats in World War II", Studies in Cryptology, NSA

Ralph Erskine, "Kriegsmarine short signal systems and how Bletchley Park exploited them", Cryptologia 1999

Chuck Roberts, "ULTRA in the Atlantic: U-boat operations", HyperWar Foundation, Special Research History NSA

Robert J. Hanyok, "Eavesdropping on Hell. Historical guide to Western, Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939-1945", Studies in Cryptology, NSA 2005

James Gillogly, "Ciphertext-Only Cryptanalysis of Enigma", Cryptologia 1995.

Ralph Erskine and Frode Weierud, "Naval Enigma: M4 and its Rotors", Cryptologia, 1987.

Ian Williams, "ULTRA in the Atlantic Volume IV: U-Boat Communications and U.S. Navy Communications Intelligence (Intercept and High Frequency Direction Finding), HyperWar Foundation, Special Research History NSA

David Hamer, "Enigma: Actions Involved in the Double Stepping of the Middle Rotor", Cryptologia 1997.

Heinz Ulbricht, "Die Chiffriermaschine Enigma: Trügerische Sicherheit: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Nachrichtendienste", PhD Thesis, 2005

Tom Perera, "The Story of the ENIGMA: History, Technology and Deciphering"

Ralph Erskine, "Breaking Naval Enigma (Dolphin and Shark)"

Ralph Erskine, "Naval Enigma: Seahorse and other Kriegsmarine cipher blunders", Cryptologia 2004

Tony Sale, "The Bletchley Park translated Enigma Instructions Manual, transcribed and formatted", 2001

Tony Sale, "Enigma Officer and Staff Procedures 1940", 2001

David Kahn, "Seizing the Enigma", Houghton-Mifflin books, 1991

Michael Smith, "Station X", Channel 4 Books, 1998

Ralph Erskine, The Kenngruppenbuch Indicator System Used with the Main Wartime Naval Enigma Ciphers

Dr A. Ray Miller, "The Cryptographic Mathematics of Enigma", NSA

R. A. Ratcliff, "How statistics led the Germans to believe enigma secure and why they were wrong: Neglecting the practical mathematics of cipher machines", Cryptologia 2003

Christian Jennings 'The Third Reich Is Listening", Osprey books, 2018

Andrej Gaspari et al, "Enigma M4 from the wreck of the German minesweeper R15 near Umag" (Slovenian header, article in English)



Websites

See our Links page.